How Do Communities Function - 1438 Words

How Do Communities Function: A community is established when more than two people share the same values. Through time this personal connection evolves into a fellowship governed by rituals, traditions, and a particular form of communication that when taken together makes a group of individuals whether living in a specific geographical area or connected by ideals so distinct that their distinguishing marks allow them to stand out from among the crowd. Community, can be defined as a group of people within a small area (generally smaller than a city or town), who share common social ties or have common social goals, and who have interaction among each other; people who can live in a relationship of mutual interdependence. When†¦show more content†¦The most common theme among definitions of community is that it consists of people. Another theme that is very common is that there must be some type of common ties to hold the people together. Aside from location and interest o ne of the most important components is communion. There must be a connection between the members of a particular community. Without this communion, the coming together, a profound sharing of ideas, resources etc., there can be no community but a group of individuals banded together simply because of proximity such as those living in a gated community in an upscale neighborhood but the residents do not know each other. Communities are affected, and in a sense defined by, forces that affect community members and their space. The forces can range from outside organizations such as the government and large corporations †¦ These components of the community vary infinitely, and thus no two communities are the same; even a given community is not the same over time (Cnaan Milofsky,1) The Amish community satisfies the requirements of place, interests and communion. Aside from being a perfect example of a community the Amish people exemplify what it means to be a part of a community tha t it is their source of identity, strength, and sustainability. Each individual exists for the community but as a whole the community nurtures each member andShow MoreRelatedHuman Ecology Theory And Community Theory1121 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Theory In the Macro level of social work, communities are the primary settings for human behavior. Communities are clusters of people who have something in common. A major social work perspective views communities as entities where citizens can organize or be organized in order to address mutual concerns and improve their over-all quality of life. Throughout this paper I will discuss four conceptual perspectives of communities. I will cover the following, Human Ecology, Socio-PsychologicalRead MoreTransferring Knowledge907 Words   |  4 Pagestransfer knowledge that has been gained to other events in our lives. Learning about the structures of discourses and how writing is constructed specifically to the context by which the writing is produced in is a very valuable skill which can be transferred to many other situations I may face in my future. The process by which writing is begun, knowing how discourse communities function, and understanding the metacognitive approach to writing will s erve useful in my future in future courses, jobs, andRead MoreEssay about Intrinsic Value in the Non-Human Natural World822 Words   |  4 Pagesand Callicott and add my own views to their ideas and my thoughts on their respective points of view. Baxters focus and main idea in the essay People or Penguins is to say that the only value the natural world has lies in regard to how it benefits human interests. He says that only human interests should determine our obligations to the environment. The human interests he specifies include freedom, avoiding waste (not for the sake of the environment, but for humansRead MoreDifferences Between Power Bi And Tableau1509 Words   |  7 Pagessurface, it was difficult to discern the differences between Power BI and Tableau because both tools provide similar functions of visualization. So, I decided to solve some common analytic questions and see if there are differences in terms of user experience. A summary table is created, as shown below, based on the questions solving experience. Power BI provides powerful functions with moderate level of visualization, however, the learning curve to reach to intermediate level can be largely steeperRead MoreThe Three Core Functions Of Public Health820 Words   |  4 Pagesquestions. What are the three core functions of public health? What are the essential services associated with each of these? What agencies (federal, state, or local) are responsible for carrying out these core functions and essential services? In the paper below these questions will be answered in reference to the E-learning video while using the provided sources. Core Functions What are the three core functions of public health? The three core functions of public health are assessment, policyRead MoreFunctionalist Theory And Its Impact On Society s Chances Of Survival1510 Words   |  7 Pagessociety and how they function individually to create a more stable society has a whole. According to Sociology in Our Times, Functional perspectives are based on the assumption that society is a stable, orderly system. This stable system is distinguished by societal consensus, whereby the majority of members share a common set of values, beliefs, and behavioral expectations. A functionalist society constitutes from the corresponding parts of society that carry out certain functions that strengthenRead MoreWhy Social Workers Can Not Be Overstated1301 Words   |  6 Pages 1. The importance of understanding the community cannot be overstated. Most people access resources at the community level, regardless of whether the program funding originates at the local, state, or national level. It is at the community level that government is potentially most responsive to individual citizens. Quality-of-life issues are most profoundly confronted at the local level. 2. While the work of all human-service practitioners overlaps in numerous ways, the field of social work isRead MoreThe Molecular Medicine And Genetics Community940 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscourse community is deemed distinct for its members share a common goal, for how they utilize specific genres and lexis, and how they provide a specific kind of information to a specific audience. Genre are the means of communicating a specific kind of information to a specific audience. Anne Beaufort shares that in order for a â€Å"product† to be competent conceptual comprehension of her five knowledge domains is necessary (Beaufort 7). These five knowledge domains are: discourse community knowledgeRead MoreThe City And Parts Of The Soul866 Words   |  4 PagesAnother premise is how justice is a craft with a particular function. All conventional items that human beings use have a purpose otherwise its useless. Even the most ridiculous products sold on infomercials are designed for a sp ecific purpose. Although products being sold on infomercials are ridiculous for being invented with a purpose in mind, but do not function well and generally make the user of the product look foolish. Like conventional items justice has a function. However it is importantRead MorePolice Department Role And Functions1161 Words   |  5 PagesDepartment Roles and Functions Shontay Manigault CJA/214 1/11/2015 Kevin Marshall Police Department Roles and Functions There are many various functions of police agencies. Patron, traffic, juvenile services, intelligence and undercover, and special operations are just some of the various functions of police agencies. There are many differences between the functions of the police agencies and the federal, state, and the local levels. There are reasons of why you need to have various functions and roles of

Essay about Much Ado About Nothing - 772 Words

amp;#9;Much Ado About Nothing is a play that centers around the question and battle between deception and reality. One first notices of the image of deception as we witness the masking and unmasking at the masquerade. In the play, most overhear discussions are deceptions. It is through eavesdropping that we see the true battle between deception and reality as we look at the subplots of Benedick and Beatrice, Hero and Claudio, as well as the comedy of Dogberry and his crew. amp;#9; The relationship between Benedick and Beatrice is one manufactured completely through deception on the behalf of their friends. Though the plot to unite them was planned, many of the problems that arose were because of things that were overheard accidentally†¦show more content†¦The deception starts as Borachio reports to Don John of a conversation he overheard between Claudio and Don Pedro. At the ball, while Don Pedro is dancing with Hero in hopes of wooing her for Claudio, Don John and Borachio move in to convince Claudio that Don Pedro is in love with Hero and wants to ask Leonato for her hand in marriage. When Don John is asked how he knows Don Pedro loves Hero he responds that he quot;heard him swear his affection,quot; and Borachio confirms this. They go off, and Claudio is left broken hearted. Later Don Pedro informs Claudio that he has wooed Hero for him and Leonato has given his consent. This leaves an open door for Don John to devise a plan that entails Bo rachio and Margaret (pretending to be Hero and her lover) at the window while Don John with Don Pedro and Claudio witness the event. Hero will then be accused of being a quot;contaminated stale.quot; At the wedding, Claudio accuses Hero of knowing the quot;heat of a luxurious bed,quot; and her blushes are a sign of her guilt. The wedding is called off and everyone is unhappy, except for Don John who has fled from Messina. Later Borachio confesses to Don Pedro and Claudio, and Claudio is stricken with remorse. This is when the ultimate deception within this play occurs as Claudio is deceived into thinking he has lost Hero and must make up for what he has done. Leonato orders Claudio to inform the habitants ofShow MoreRelated Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Illusions in Much Ado About Nothing585 Words   |  3 Pages Social Illusions in Much Ado About Nothing nbsp; In Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare presents us with a romp through the realms of truth and illusion. The play is full of characters plotting and deceiving, for both noble and repugnant reasons. It is a study in the importance and necessity of illusion in our everyday lives, and shows how deeply ingrained deception is in our social behaviors. nbsp; Everybody is involved in some kind of illusion, from the masked celebration to the unveilingRead MoreClaudio in Much Ado About Nothing1135 Words   |  5 Pagescharacter from Much Ado About Nothing, is a perfect example of this quote. Throughout most of the play Claudio is only concerned about how other people and events affect him. However, the obstacles and positions he is put in do not help the situation. The one of the main themes of this play is deception, which Claudio, as well as most of the other characters in the play, fall victim. In Much Ado About Nothing Claudio begins the play with a tendency to be very gullible and paranoid about everything,Read More Much Ado About Nothing Essay898 Words   |  4 Pages William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing is a play involving by deception, disloyalty, trickery, eavesdropping, and hearsay. The play contains numerous examples of schemes that are used to manipulate the thoughts of other characters; it is the major theme that resonates throughout the play. Ironically, it is one of these themes that bring serenity to the chaos that encompasses most of the play. amp;#9;The first example of deception we see is with the characters of Beatrice and Benedick.Read MoreShakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing1199 Words   |  5 Pagesportrayed a story. Tragedies, Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy, which uplifts spirits as it circles the lives of Hero, Claudio, Beatrice, Don John, and Benedick. Love, trickery, and deception are motifs used to develop a theme relatable to years later. Using love as a basis tricks are placed everywhere in the Italian town of Messina to spark the interest of two or to ruin the love. In Much ado About Nothing, William Shakespeare’s explores the motif of deception, and how nothing is as it seems, connectedRead MoreComedy in Much Ado about Nothing Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Explore the importance of disguise and deception in Much Ado about Nothing. Are they merely effective plot devices? Much Ado about Nothing was written by William Shakespeare in 1598, towards the middle of his career and during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Disguise and deception are used to great comic effect, as well as to drive the main and sub-plot forward. However, an attentive audience may notice how disguise and deception can also be seen to develop characters and relationships, and showRead MoreGender Roles In Much Ado About Nothing1059 Words   |  5 Pages This essay is an exploration of the play Much Ado About Nothing, and the gender roles involved in the deceit and trickery that transpire and develop throughout the story. As gender is one of the main themes in the plot, identifying the expected gender roles of the characters, and how the contrast between characters highlights these expected roles. In Shakespeare s time, known as the Elizabethan Era, men and women’s roles and expectations were starkly different. Elizabethan women, no matter whatRead MoreMuch Ado About Nothing By William Shakespeare Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesAs professor Schroeder announced to the class we would be watching a movie by Shakespeare titled Much Ado About Nothing, I thought to myself great time to take a nap. While going through high school I quickly discovered I didn’t care for Shakespeare writings. I had never heard of the film Much Ado About Nothing, so I was unaware as to what the movie was about. Much Ado About Nothing the film is based on Shakespeare play written in 1598. I usually associate movies based on Shakespeare plays with twoRead MoreMuch Ado About Nothing By William Shakespeare843 Words   |  4 Pages In the play Much Ado About Nothing, the theme of scandalous accusations, dishonesty, and its effects take a major role throughout the entirety of the play. However, the effects on a person’s honor vary hugely depending on the sex of the person. For a male, a jab at his honor is an insult, and most likely will result in an all out defense of his integrity in an effort to regain it. A woman, however, suffers far greater consequences. Her honor is based increasingly on her innocence (celibacy)Read More Analysis of Much Ado About Nothing Essay3681 Words   |  15 PagesAnalysis of Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing illustrates a kind of deliberately puzzling title that seems to have been popular in the late 1590s (ex quot;As You Like Itquot;). Indeed, the play is about nothing; it follows the relationships of Claudio and Hero (which is constantly hampered by plots to disrupt it), and in the end, the play culminates in the two other main characters falling in love (Beatrice and Bena*censored*), which, because it was an event that was quite predictableRead More Much Ado About Nothing Essay: An Exploration of Conformity925 Words   |  4 PagesMuch Ado About Nothing as an Exploration of Conformity       In Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing, Beatrice and Benedict rant about marriage for most of the beginning of the play, while Claudio raves about how wonderful it will be being married to Hero.   Yet in the end, Claudio exchanges his marriage to Hero for an opportunity to bash her in public, while Beatrice and Benedick marry despite that they were mortal enemies for most of the first three acts.   How did the situation swing around

Strategic Options Available To Coast4Life For The Upcoming Fiscal Year Free Essays

This report outlines the strategic options available to Coast4Life for the upcoming fiscal year. Through my research, I have identified the current situational analysis that is necessary to be considered for the options that will be provided in this report. Current situational analysis: Vision: Coast4Life cruise will be the first choice for vacationers who are seeking a safe, enjoyable and unique cruise experience in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Options Available To Coast4Life For The Upcoming Fiscal Year or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mission: Coast4Life meets the needs of vacationers by offering safe, enjoyable and unique cruises along BC coast at affordable prices and at a high quality of service. Coast4Life strives to minimize the safety effects of cruising on ecology and maximize the safety of customers, staff and marine life by ensuring ships are well maintained and environmental and safety regulations are exceeded. Preferences: The Board of Directors(BOD) preference is to be profitable and maintain a positive net income in light of upcoming economic downturn. The General Manager of the Fraser dry dock believes it defines the reputation on BC Coast for Coast4Life safety. Constraints: Cash available on hand is $10,461,000 and an after tax rate of return on 16%. Key Success Factors: Coast4life cruises wants to provide high quality services to the passengers. Refer to the passenger/crew ratio in comparison to industry averages(see Appendix 3-1). Current Financial Analysis(See Appendix 1- Financial Ratios): Ongoing increase to Coast4life’s abilities to meet its short-term obligations. In light of the slight increase of acquiring additional assets, our revenue streams still continues to outmatch this on a steady basis; however, the incremental revenue is declining with each year. Our service offerings grow; generating incremental income each year; nevertheless, Coast Native and Natural Splendour gross margin’s are the same, and each offers different services. Company’s ability to cover interest is growing over the years, and our debts are declining. Coast4Life’s ability to convert investments into profit has increased. Strategic Options: To cut costs. Option#1: Divesture of the Fraser dry dock Pro(s): Gain on sale of $7,274,000; in favour of BOD preferences and in line of providing the necessary funds to maintain incremental financial targets for upcoming economic downturn(see Appendix 3- 2). Con(s): Against general manager’s preference, as can affect the reputation of the company – the quality of safety regulations the company adheres to. Option #2: Registering Coast4Life’s ships in Liberia Pro(s): WagesSalaries will be cut by 30%; In favour of BOD’s preference to cut costs – $1,423,530 would be saved by outsourcing from Liberia(see Appendix #3- 3). Con(s): Affect quality of service provided by the crew; be against the mission statement Hiring unskilled labour can potentially increase management expenses(Additional Training). Minor options: For materiality purposes with respect to revenue sources the following are minor options to generate additional revenue: Option #1: Switching customer target markets Pro(s): By targeting 40-60 year olds, revenue streams will increase by 20%, which could also increase all financial ratios by the same rate and, thus be in line with the vision statement. This target group can afford a more unique  experience given industry annual family income of $78,000. For ages 40 -60 Industry is higher by 8% so we have space to grow and target this age group (see Appendix 3-4). Con(s): By changing target there is no guarantee that revenues will be maintained throughout the downturn in the following fiscal year even with growth in tourism industry in Canada. Option #2: Implement a web-based booking system Pro(s): Can potentially save the company up to $1,341,250 [($2,146,000Ãâ€"10% reduction)/16% after tax rate of return] in travel agent commissions over the life of the company and assist in further increasing the company’s activity ratio Can be paid off in less than 4 months. The payback formula proves that no cash is needed to be spent, as through the incremental savings this investment will be recouped(see Appendix 3-5). Cons: Decrease word of mouth advertising via travel agents. Increase global competition due to the online presence. Recommendation Given the uncertain future ahead, it is best to be conservative and in line with the current mission statement for company objectives. It would be best that Fraser dock would be divested and web-based booking system would be implemented. This would cut costs and increase revenues via savings that can be earned without risking the reputation of the company or established revenue stream. With this consideration, the company will still have enough resources to maintain its financial position. How to cite Strategic Options Available To Coast4Life For The Upcoming Fiscal Year, Essays

Amazon Fresh The Collaboration of Amazon.com

Question: Discuss fulfillment centers of Amazon. Answer: In order to do the introduction of the fulfillment with the help of the Amazon center made the various selling of the items in the online platform which will becomes more easier and also more profitable in nature in comparison with the others (Mansur Pimpo, 2008). FBA is basically system which is mainly implemented with the collaboration of Amazon.com and also allows the merchants in doing storing of the products in the shipment centers up to the placement of all the orders (Price III, 2013). After receiving all the orders, Amazon staffs do the professional package and also the shipment of the products to the customers in the direct basis. Moreover, this innovative system is mainly designed to give the assistance to the merchants in doing the selling of the various products while doing the elimination of the various tedious works which include the shipping and customer services (Price III, 2013). Amazon also doing the handle of all the shipping returns of the products and also the effective customer supports. In doing the comparison of all the sites Amazon has the lowest rate of shipment in the world. Some of the advantages of Amazon.com include the prime shipping, super saver shipping and also the minute count down for doing the one day shipping ('Tree for tree, Borneo soaks up more CO2 than the Amazon', 2014). The inventory of Amazon.com is mainly secured and insured mostly against the occurrence of the various losses and damages. The best part of doing the fulfillment by the Amazon is that the more scalable of the Amazon seller to the shipment of the products. The basic way to get the things on the basis of the money worth is the free shipment. It also provides the various members with the free shipment and also offers the one day shipping. If there is no stock of the ordered items by the customers then the products are delivered after the 2 days of doing the restocked because of doing the preparation of the shipping. Amazon prime does the disqualification of the delivery of the various items which include the subscription of the magazines, gift cards etc. By doing all the evaluation it is the customer who determined whether the Amazon prime is suiting the life style (Fraser, 2014). Conclusion In order to doing the conclusion and also doing the analysis of the given by the facts on the basis of the growth of the Amazon, it seems the infinite ways on the basis of the defied critics, Bezo is also proven as the best CEO on the basis of looking the future. In doing the consideration of the Bezo world for the coming decade is like the goals of the past two years: be fast and also be cheap. Furthermore, Amazons profits continue to do the perplexities of the observers and also the three main primary weapons are there which include (Beluco de Souza, 2014): Amazon Prime, Fulfillment centers and now days the Amazon Fresh also comes to the maturity. On the other hand, it doing the description of the learning of the new things regarding the future prospects of the Amazon future it may does the reveal whether the Bezo takes the billions and also put them into the operations which also gives the company the advantages of the end to end services which makes it extremely impossible for the competitors in order to doing the overcome. References Arana, A., Artaxo, P. (2014). Elemental composition of the atmospheric aerosol in the central amazon basin.Qumica Nova,37(2). doi:10.5935/0100-4042.20140046 Beluco, A., de Souza, P. (2014). Energy at the Junction of the Rivers Negro and Solimes, Contributors of the Amazon River, in the Brazilian Amazon.International Scholarly Research Notices,2014, 1-10. doi:10.1155/2014/794583 Business the Amazon.com Way: Secrets of the World's Most Astonishing Web Business. (2000).Work Study,49(2). doi:10.1108/ws.2000.07949bae.004 Chen, P., Wu (2012), S. Does Collaborative Filtering Technology Impact Sales? Empirical Evidence from Amazon.Com.SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1002698 Fraser, B. (2014). Deforestation: Carving up the Amazon.Nature,509(7501), 418-419. doi:10.1038/509418a Linden, G., Smith, B., York, J. (2013). Amazon.com recommendations: item-to-item collaborative filtering.IEEE Internet Comput.,7(1), 76-80. doi:10.1109/mic.2003.1167344 Mansur, M., Pimpo, D. (2008). Triplodon chodo, a new species of pearly fresh water mussel from the Amazon Basin (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Hyriidae).Rev. Bras. Zool.,25(1), 111-115. doi:10.1590/s0101-81752008000100015 Price III, R. (2013). Cash Flows at Amazon.com.Issues In Accounting Education,28(2), 353-374. doi:10.2308/iace-50182 Tree for tree, Borneo soaks up more CO2 than the Amazon. (2014).ECOS. doi:10.1071/ec14107

Food Lab free essay sample

A thesis should be very clearly written in precise, familiar terms, voiding language that is overly vague, broad, specialized, or technical. You can assume that your general audience consists of well-informed, intelligent adults with good, general vocabularies, but you cannot assume they are specialists in a particular subject-at least not in English IA. Example of a vague and overly broad thesis: In some cultures, aspects of the environment may play a role in lifes spiritual and metaphysical dimension. Example of a thesis that is too specialized for a general reader: The image of the child in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century scientific, historical, and tertiary narratives is often representing or figuring interiorly, growth, historicity, and development. (This thesis may be quite clear to advanced scholars of literature or history, but a general audience would probably find it too obscure. ) A thesis may reliably forecast the organization of the essay, letting the reader know wh at main supporting points will be covered and in what order. We will write a custom essay sample on Food Lab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This forecast is sometimes called a plan of development (POD) or a blueprint. A POD is often a good idea, but it is not an obligatory part of the thesis in English IA; you may present it in the sentence following the thesis, r you may skip it altogether Example of POD in thesis: Skateboarding should be limited to special parks because it poses a nuisance to pedestrians, leads to serious injuries, and causes thousands of dollars worth of damage to public and private property. Example of POD following thesis: Skateboarding is not just a harmless recreation and should, in fact, be limited to special parks. As it now stands, the sport poses a nuisance to pedestrians, leads to serious injuries, and The following thesis rules also apply to your essays in English IA, but keep in mind that as your academic writing becomes increasingly skilled and biophysicist, you may outgrow these restrictions. And they may not apply to the essays you write in other courses (check with your instructors). Limit your thesis statement to one sentence. DO NOT frame your thesis as a question-it should be a declarative statement. Do NOT rely on an implied thesis. We will encounter some implied theses in our readings, but your essays must have an explicit thesis statement. The thesis must appear in the essays first paragraph (the introduction) at the end of the paragraph. Underline your thesis in English IA to make it easier for me (and for you! ) to identity. it.

Leadership And Management Skills Portfolio The WritePass Journal

Leadership And Management Skills Portfolio Introduction Leadership And Management Skills Portfolio ).   In this regard, I missed the first finance class because I was attending a meeting at work where I was presenting an important report to senior management. Negotiating as a Client My colleague and I assumed the role of a client negotiating with a software vendor on delivery times and price. As clients, we argued and debated with the software vendor on the relevant issues. For instance, there was prolonged argument and debate on the delivery times because we were considering small insignificant factors on this issue. The outcome was that the arguments related to the main issue of delivery times were largely neglected. Indeed, it is suggested that it is important to have awareness of any insignificant arguments that might derail the negotiation process (Pinet Sander, 2013). In our case, we concentrated on being right rather than winning the arguments associated with the price and delivery times. The negotiation process deviated from the agenda established prior to the meeting with the software vendor.   Consequently, a lot of time was wasted on these arguments and compromises were achieved after a protracted process. Portfolio Section 3 This section presents an action plan for developing my postgraduate, management and leadership skills further. The action plan covers skills required for group leadership, management consultant, appraisal manager, coaching, negotiation, and task prioritization as presented below. Action plan for group leadership skills Objective To improve my skills in leading and managing groups in completion, of course, related tasks Tasks Read and brainstorm with my peers on available literature including books, reputable online articles and journal articles about team leadership. I will focus on literature that looks at leadership functions on the different phases of teams namely the transition and action stages. The transition stage is a time when a group or team focuses on activities associated with the team’s structures, planning tasks, and assessing the performance of the team in terms of the whether the team has the ability of achieving its objectives (Marks, Mathieu Zaccaro, 2001). The specific leadership skills that I will learn about for this phase include defining the mission of the team, goals, and performance standards, structuring responsibilities and roles in the team, and promoting feedback processes (Morgeson et al., 2010). The action stage is where the team or group members are focused on tasks that directly contribute to goal achievement (Marks et al., 2001). In this phase, I will learn relev ant leadership skills including creating a positive climate in the group, encouraging autonomous actions by members, resource acquisition   for the group, problem solving, involvement in the group’s work, and monitoring the group(Morgeson et al., 2010). Discuss with managers and leaders in my workplace about effective approaches for leading and managing groups or teams Evaluation After acquisition of the necessary leadership skills, I will apply to future group assignments in my course work. I will evaluate the acquired group leadership skills by asking my peers to rate my performance as a leader. I will design a checklist where the group members will provide their responses about my overall leadership skills and areas that require improvement. Review date The reading of literature, applying the relevant knowledge to actual practice, and evaluating leadership skills will be reviewed on a regular basis whenever there is a group assignment. Action plan for coaching skills Objective To become a very effective coach Tasks Read books, journal articles, and online publications on the coaching process and the required skills and competencies for this activity followed by a brainstorming exercise with my colleagues. Participate in training in coaching provided by my organisations to equip with necessary skills. Ask a senior manager in my workplace to act as my coach to enable me to understand this process from a practical perspective and model it. Evaluation The knowledge acquired from literature, training, and on-the-practice will be utilised in coaching my peers in coursework on different topics. The performance data that will be collected to establish the level of my effectiveness as a coach will be obtained from interviewing the individual that I will be coaching. Review date Ongoing throughout my course work. Action plan for management consultant skills Objective To enhance my skills as a management consultant Tasks Read available literature on management consultancy and look at case studies on the process of management consultation. After reading alone, I will brainstorm these issues with my study group. Discuss with management consultants within and outside my organisation to learn the criteria for success. Evaluation Evaluation will be based on establishing the extent to which the client is able to achieve desired outcomes in relation to the consultation services I will offer them. This will be achieved by using a questionnaire to ask the clients whether I demonstrate the skills of a management consultant. Review date Ongoing based on management consultancy projects. Action plan for managerial skills in appraisals Objective To improve my skills in conducting performance appraisals Tasks Read widely and brainstorm on skills for performance appraisals. Role playing with my peers on posing the right questions to the individual under appraisal. Discuss with senior managers in my workplace about successfully performing performance appraisals. Evaluation The assessment of my skills in this area will be based on determining to which I successfully complete a performance appraisal. This will involve asking individuals involved in the appraisal process to rate my performance using a checklist. Review date This activity will be completed on a monthly basis. Action plan for negotiation skills Objective To improve my negotiation skills as a client Tasks Reading widely and brainstorming with colleagues on negotiation skills for clients to understand negotiation skills, negotiation phases, and sources of conflict in negotiation process. Engage in role play to assist in clarification of responsibilities and roles in working in a negotiating team. Evaluation Evaluation will involve collecting evidence indicating whether I applied competencies and skills required in negotiating as a client. This will be achieved by interviewing the other parties to the negotiation process to determine the level of my skills in negotiating as a client. Review date This will be completed by February 2015. Action plan for task prioritization Objective To enhance my skills in prioritizing both work and education tasks. Tasks Listing all the tasks that I have to perform on a daily basis in my work and college and categorising them based on their impacts on my work and educational pursuits. Using a personal calendar to plan my tasks. Using a checklist to determine completion of tasks on daily basis. Evaluation Performance in task prioritisation will be evaluated by assessing the extent to which I complete all the tasks required in my workplace and at college. Review date This activity will be completed on a daily basis. Conclusion This reflective work has identified areas that require further development in improving my managerial and leadership skills. Based on this reflective work, it is evident that I lack skills in different areas including leadership, task prioritization, effective coaching, managerial skills in performance appraisal and management consultancy. Therefore, these skills have to be improved to ensure that I am effective as manager and leader. Therefore, action plans for improving the different skills have been presented. It is expected that implementation of the action plans will equip with skills that are applicable to my workplace and educational setting. References Armstrong, M. (2012) Armstrong’s handbook of management and leadership: developing effective people skills for better leadership and management. PA: Kogan Page. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (2014). Performance appraisal. [Online]Available from: cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/performance-appraisal.aspx (Accessed: 15 Dec. 14). De Caluwe, L., Reitsma, E. (2010) `Competencies of management consultants: a research study of senior management consultants’, In Buono, A., Jamieson, D (Eds), Consultation for organisational change, pp. 15-40. NC: Information age publishing. Goleman, D. (2006) Social Intelligence: the new science of human relationship. NY: Banam books. Heslin, P., Vandewalle, D. (2011) `Performance appraisal procedural justice: the role of a manager’s implicit person theory’. Journal of Management, vol.37, no.6, pp.1694-1718. Institute of Management Consultants (2014) The management consultancy competency framework. [Online] Available from: imcusa.org/?page=CONSULTINGCOMPETENCY (Accessed: 15 Dec. 14). Jarvis, M. (2005) The psychology of effective learning and teaching. UK: Nelson Thornes Ltd. Maltbia, T., Marsick, V., Ghosh, R. (2014) `Executive and organisational coaching: a review of insights drawn from literature for inform HRD practices’. Advances in Developing Human Resources, vol.16, no.2, pp.161-83. Marks, C., Mathieu, J., Zaccaro, S. (2001) `A temporally based framework and taxonomy of team processes’, Academy of Management Review, vol.26, pp. 356-76. Morgeson, F., DeRue, S., Karam, E. (2010) `Leadership in teams: a functional approach to understanding leadership structures and processes’. Journal of Management, vol.36, no.1, pp.5-39. O’Broin, A., Palmer, S. (2009) `Co-creating an optimal coaching alliance: a cognitive behavioural coaching perspective’. International Coaching Psychology Review, vol.4, no.2, pp.184-94. Pinet, A., Sander, P. (2013) The only negotiation book you’ll ever need. Littlefield Street, MA: Adams Media.

CRJS300 U2IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRJS300 U2IP - Research Paper Example In fact, counting the number of police agencies in the United States is a difficult task because there are many; ranging from local, municipal and metropolitan police departments, county law enforcement, tribal law enforcement, campus law enforcement, state law enforcement, and federal law enforcement. These all have different jurisdictions and functions. At the first glance, one would claim that a single national police force is good because of the possibility of improvement in uniformity and continuity, better deployment of personnel, better coordination of various services, reduced costs, and better training. A closer look at the issue will reveal that creating a single national police force is an inevitable strategy, taking into account the changing nature of crimes. The first issue that necessitates the unification of agencies is the changing nature of crimes. A perfect example is cybercrime, which crosses national and state borders. Similar is the case of both domestic and international terrorism and narcotics trafficking. This situation is admitted by Finklea in the CRS Report for Congress, â€Å"Organized Crime in the United States: Trends and Issues for Congress† dated 22 December 2010. The paper admits the increasingly transnational nature of crime and expresses concern over a possible nexus between organized crime and terrorism. Thus, it is clear that the nature of crimes has changed. As Tully (2002) points out, issues like domestic and international terrorism and narcotics trafficking are not within the scope and resources of the small police departments, and equipping each small department with these resources is a highly expensive and hence impossible strategy. Therefore, a consolidation of the police forces will offer better se rvices at reduced costs in handling crimes like terrorism, drug trafficking, and such other cross-border crimes. In the opinion of

Climate Change and Management and Mitigation Term Paper

Climate Change and Management and Mitigation - Term Paper Example In the contemporary environment of fast advancing technology and rapid globalization, climate change has become a major concern for the environmentalists. The various drivers of climate greatly contribute towards sustenance of life and determine characteristics and distribution of ‘natural and managed system including the cryosphere, hydrology and water resources, marine and freshwater biological systems, terrestrial biological systems, agriculture, and forestry’(Parmesan and Yohe, 2003; Thomas et al., 2004). The managed system can broadly be defined as systems that have considerable human input like agriculture, health etc. Hence, the interdependence of the systems becomes an important factor for the wider implications of climate change. The rapid advancement of technology has brought about a massive change in our lifestyle which has not always been in our best interest. Some of the ways and means, which have contributed to our better living conditions, have also brought certain challenges in its wake that needs our urgent attention. The limited natural resources like water, land and fresh air are being taken for granted with scarce regard for the future legacy that our children are going to inherit from us.   The history has been witness to gradual and abrupt climate change through the millions of years which has been responsible for the extinction of living organisms, including plants, animals and human life. The changes in the physical geography of the earth have also been contributed to the abrupt changes in the earth’s climate caused due to some known and unknown factors. The Eastern Island Civilization and Maya civilization ar e prime examples of climate change caused primarily due to the widespread ramification of a highly developed society and urbanization.  

Federal Fairfax ACt (H.R 25 and S13) and SCFarifax Act (H-3993) Assignment

Federal Fairfax ACt (H.R 25 and S13) and SCFarifax Act (H-3993) - Assignment Example The idea behind this legislation is that it seeks to simplify the current tax code, expand home ownership, un-tax the poor, improve global competitiveness, promote higher education and charitable giving and create more jobs. The underlying assumption was that consumption provides a more stable and fairer base for taxation than income. The bill has conveniently been called â€Å"A bill to promote freedom, fairness and economic opportunity by repealing the income tax and other taxes, abolishing the internal Revenue Service and enacting a national sales tax to be administered primarily by the states.† The Fair-Tax plan is a comprehensive proposal that replaces all federal income and payroll-based taxes with an integrated approach including a progressive National Retail Sales Tax (NRST) and a prebate to ensure that no American citizen pays federal taxes on spending up to the poverty level, dollar-for-dollar federal revenue neutrality and through companion legislation, the repeal of the 16th Amendment. The proposed Fair-Tax would be a broad-based, destination type consumption tax with statutory tax liability on final consumers and tax collection in the hands of sellers of goods and services to these consumers. The tax base would include all supplies of goods and services, which would mean a substantial enlargement compared to the tax base of the current state sales and use taxes. It promotes neutrality as tax cascading is prevented by taxing all final consumption of goods and services and by exempting business inputs. Under the fair tax act, the IRS will be disbanded and in its place a new excise tax bureau established within the department of treasury to collect remaining excise taxes. The social security administration would collect Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes. The NRST would collect the revenue services of the individual states. It

Application Of Molecular Genetics To Crops

Application Of Molecular Genetics To Crops The science of biotechnology is likely to be to the first half of the 21st century what the computer was to the second half of the 20th century. Its implications are profound, its potential benefits massive. Britain is well placed to keep our lead in Europe. I want to make it clear: we dont intend to let our leadership fall behind and are prepared to back that commitment with investment. are the words of Tony Blair at the European Bioscience Conference (November 2000) (cited in Francesca Tencalla, 2005), which is the best way to present my positive answer towards the question. The molecular genetics positively impacts the plant breeding paradigm. Introduction: Centuries ago, the science was unknown to the farmers but the present agricultural scenario is changing its traditional frame of conventional breeding to the most recent and modernized frame of molecular plant breeding. Today, the world agriculture is facing great challenges on four fronts visually, Production, Population, Pollution, and Politics. Also, the change in climate (global warming) is the next major challenge for the crops, as unlike animals they can not move from one place to another. The prospects for feeding humanity as we are in 21st century often are portrayed in a daunting light to keep pace with the population growth. As we are told that worlds population has been growing faster than crop production, since the early 1980s and is expected to be 8 billion in next or two decades. At this point, we need to think in-depth about the opportunities to meet these challenges and to improve the crop production at a subsequent rate. Are the agronomic practices merely going to pl ay the key role or the refined crop protection measures will be the major part of increase in crop production, at this junction of scientific development? No other than, molecular genetics and the application of molecular techniques to enhance the efficiency of plant breeding, will play the crucial role in crop improvement, is a promise to the next generations (Ben Miflin, 2000). At the turn of the 20th century, the discovery of principles of natural selection and hybridization by Darwin and the rediscovery of Mendelian genetics served as the basis for plant breeding and genetics. In the same way, tremendous increase in crop yields in the 21st century has been powered by the development of plant biotechnology, -omics era of molecular biology, and molecular genetics. The recent techniques of molecular genetics are emerging continuously to overcome the demand of growing population (Moose et al., 2008). The chief objective of molecular genetics is to enhance crop production and crop produce usefulness by genetic modification of crop plants; this is precisely what plant breeding has been doing from the day prehistoric man began to domesticate the orphan (wild) species. The molecular genetic techniques aim to give traditional breeding a technological boost, says Jorge Dubcovsky, a wheat molecular geneticist from University of California, whose group is presently working on Marker Assisted selection in wheat for 23 separate traits, conferring resistance to insect-pests, fungi and viruses. His enthusiastic claim is that this research could offer the wings for crop improvement to plant breeding what jet engine has brought to air travel. Basic Terms: Plant Breeding is an art as well as science of improving genetic makeup of plants in relation to their economic use (Paul et al., 2006; Singh B.D., 2003). Molecular genetics refers to the study of molecules, our genes, their structure and functions at molecular level. Also studies the transfer of genes from one generation to the next. It employs the principles of genetics and methods of molecular biology (NCBI, Wikipedia). Recently, Crop improvement is the science of value addition to the existing crop species by using the technique, which marries conventional plant breeding with molecular biology, to get theatrical gains in yield (Austin R.B., 1986). Hundred years of Genetics: (From domestication to transformation) Plant breeding deals with the aspect of crop production. In early days, plant breeding was mainly based on skills and the abilities of the breeder involved in the programme. But as the genetic engineering and the tools of molecular genetics were elucidated, breeding methods and programmes were designed in their light. Plant breeding began with the domestication, when primitive men cultivated the first crop for the benefit of mankind. Thereafter, the process of exploiting the crops for improvement of their commercial values has a long history in itself. As early as 700 B.C., Babylonians and Assyrians performed artificial pollination in date palm. Then, the first artificial hybrid named Fairchilds mule produced by Thomas Fairchild by crossing carnation with sweet William in 1717. These provide the clear evidence of plant breeding exist as an art before the discovery of Mendelian genetics. In 1900, the rediscovery of Gregor John Mendels paper provided the foundation for the vast knowledge of genetics for crop improvement. A noteworthy development resulted from the discoveries of G.H. Shull on inbreeding in maize (Zea mays), led to the production of hybrid varieties in maize, sorghum, cotton, rice and several other crops. Green Revolution, one of the greatest achievements in the modern plant breeding has been the introduction of dwarf gene in cereals, particularly in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa), (Borlaug, 2000). In 1960, Allozymes the first biochemical genetic markers were on hand. The next decade provided new tools to geneticists of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and Southern blotting. Taq polymerase was found in 1980 and shortly Polymerase chain reaction was developed, which is now routinely used in plant breeding research. The recently developed technology is single nucleotide polymorphic markers based on high density DNA arrays, a technique known as Gene Chips (Rodomiro Ortiz, 1998). In 1980, the era of biotechnology began with the successful production of the first transgenic plant using Agrobacterium (Moose and Mumm, 2008). The methods of crop improvement have changed dramatically through last 25 years. The continued exploitation of biotechnology and the integration of genomic tools in crop improvement widen the plant breeding research. The novel genetic approaches like next generation sequencing (NGS), high-throughput marker genotyping, advanced-backcross QTL analysis, introgression libraries (ILs), multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population, can be harnessed to recognize the genetic variations within the crop species and between cultivated and wild species (Varshney et al., 2009). The seeds of molecular genetics are immensely sprouting and sooner will grow into a self-sufficient fruitful plant to alleviate the world hunger. Application and Impact of Molecular Genetics on Crop Improvement: The Father of Green Revolution, Dr. Norman Borlaug said in an interview: Biotechnology helps farmers produce higher yields on less land. This is a very environmentally favorable benefit. He justified his statement by giving the fact that the worlds grain output in 1950 was 692 million tonnes. After forty years or so later, the worlds farmers sown the crops in about the same acreage of land but they harvested 1.9 billion tonnes that counts the 170% increase in global production. To get this increased production in 1999 using the same conventional breeding, farmers would have needed an additional land of 1.8 billion hectares, instead of using 600 million as used in 1950 (www.actionbioscience.org). Opportunely, plant breeding research is at an arena where there are remarkable advances being made at molecular levels and these endow with opportunities to augment the molecular technologies available for crop improvement as outlined below. Distant hybridization: With the advancement of molecular genetics, it is now possible to transfer genes between distantly related plants. Now genes can be transferred interspecific and intergeneric. Recombinant DNA technology can be amplified to transfer the desirable genes from lower level organisms. For example, Progenies derived from rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) plants pollinated by Oenothera biennis exhibited numerous morphological and developmental traits. Results from amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis showed that several rice lines contained extensive genetic variations, which included disappearance of rice parental bands and/or appearance of novel bands (Chu Xiu Chang et al., 2007). Recombinant DNA technology: There are two methods for crop improvement using r-DNA technology namely, direct and indirect methods. The direct method involves the introduction of novel gene(s) to crops by transformation outside the constraints of sexual crossing. Whereas, the indirect method involves the improving crops by the development of molecular markers (Miflin, CIHEAM). These methods have their specific significance in plant breeding so, are discussed as under. Molecular Markers for crop improvement: Molecular marker refers to the easily detectable marker linked to a desirable trait. The plant breeding analyses like, early generation selection, enrichment of complex F1 generation, choice of donor parent in backcrossing, recovery of recurrent parent genotype in backcrossing, linkage block analysis and selection, exploit molecular markers as a valuable tool. Application of molecular markers in plant breeding includes Germplasm characterization/fingerprinting, determining seed purity, systematic sampling of Germplasm, and phylogenetic analysis. Molecular markers played a key role in replacing bioassays (Varshney et al., 2008). Crop plants exhibit 20-50,000 genes, out of which only few are of our interest in crop improvement. Conventional linkage maps are based on these genes of interest which have distinct morphological effect. But there are limitations in such maps as they cannot map out the genes governing quantitative traits, are time consuming and tedious. Therefore, emphases were made to focus on molecular markers for linkage mapping. There are many types of molecular markers visually isozymes, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), cleaved amplified polymorphic sites (CAPS), simple sequence repeats (SSR), amplified length fragment polymorphism (AFLP), and the latest includes single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and single feature polymorphism (SFP), (Bertrand C. Y Collard and David J Mackill, 2008; Varshney et al., 2006). Out of these, SSR or microsatellite is the most widely used marker in major cereal crops (Bertrand C. Y Collard and David J Mackill, 2008). The SNP and DArT (diversity array technology) markers are other high-throughput markers, which can be used to prepare the whole genome map even without the availability of sequence data for the crop (Varshney et al., 2006). In recent years, noteworthy and stimulating progress has been made in marker assisted technology and the development of markers linked to the gene of interest. Some important achievements are given in table 1. Molecular Assisted Selection (MAS): MAS (figure 1) speed ups and makes conventional breeding easier as herein, linked molecular markers are used for indirect selection of desirable traits that were difficult to select earlier in seedling stage (Anushri Varshney et al., 2004). Jonathan et al., 1998, while performing their research on Musa found that due to its triploid nature, the highly relevant generation and the precise linkage maps is not usually attainable. So, to generate linkage map, they first generated traditional linkage map based on diploid relatives and extrapolation to the polyploidy crop and then did polyploidy mapping based on single dose markers in population derived from crosses between tetraploid and diploid genotypes. Thus, it became possible to generate the linkage map of current Musa, which is an allotetraploid. Bioinformatics: Bioinformatics is often overlooked side of molecular marker strategies. As we know that molecular technologies produces a large number of data, with great chances of error introduction during handling and interpretation. The correct accreditation of data is necessary for getting the precise results after a long run of experiments, so for maintaining that huge amount of data bioinformatics enabled such software that provide accurate results and are available through World Wide Web (Simmonds et al., 1999). Quantitative trait Loci (QTL): The most interesting use of molecular markers is the efficient selection of traits. They also made it possible to select polygenic traits controlled by QTLs, by the use of molecular markers like RFLPs and isozymes. Interesting work has been done on QTL by Tanksley et al., on tomatoes, Stuber et al., on maize, McCough and Doerge on rice and Bradshaw et al. on potatoes. The future research can be made in improving the disease resistance in cereal crops (Simmonds et al., 1999). Development of nodules in cereals: Leguminous plants have root nodules that contain nitrogen fixing bacteria known as Rhizobium. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen in root nodules in the form of nitrates. If this gene can be transferred or active root nodules can be developed in cereal crops like wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, barley etc. thus, the reliability of crops on chemical fertilizers would be reduced leading to a significant reduction in cost of production as well as environmental pollution. The introduction of symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation into the major non-legume crops of the world would be one of the most significant contributions that biotechnology could make to agricultural sustainability. With this objective, Edward C. Cocking et al., studied the interaction of rhizobia with the root systems of cereals. They have already confirmed that some naturally occurring rhizobia, such as Parasponia species those isolated from root nodules of non-legume and Aeschynomene from stem nodules of tropical legume species, are able to enter the root systems of maize, rice and wheat by crack entry means the part of plant where lateral roots emerge through the root cortex, so it results to the both inter and intra cellular penetration of rhizobiain, particularly in the cortex of emerging lateral roots. In the recent study, they have interacted oxygen tolerant Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 (kindly donated by Dr J K Ladha, IRRI) isolated from stem nodules of the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata with the root systems of rice and wheat. We have found that intracellular invasion of cells of the cortex of roots of both rice (IR42 and Lemont) and wheat (Wembley) results in plants that are active in nitrogen fixation as determined using acetylene reduction assays (Edward C. Cocking et al.). The Plants for future: (Development of transgenic plants) Transgenic plant is the product of genetic engineering, with artificially inserted foreign gene (Adina Breiman and Esra Galun, 1997). The most important tool in plant biotechnology is the transgenic plant production. This technique requires the study of chromosome at molecular levels, genome sequencing and the identification, selection and then insertion of gene of interest form same species in modified form, or related wild species, unrelated species, genus, across kingdom or from microbes (bacteria, virus, fungi). The successful commercialization of first transgenic crop in 1996 is the remarkable achievement in plant breeding and biotechnology. In 2008, globally both the number of countries (25 countries are GM growers) as well as the number of farmers (13.3 million farmers) growing transgenic crops in 125 million hectares of land, has increased significantly (Table-2), (ISAAA web pages). This technology boosts yields, reduce pesticide usage, increase fertilizer efficiency, enhance disease, drought, pest, resistances to various crops. Recently, Sugarbeet RR herbicide resistant variety is grown in USA, gives significant positive results. Another milestone of transgenic breeding is GOLDEN RICE: genetically modified rice that contain bets carotene which can produce vitamin-A, once consumed (Potrykus, 2001). The production of golden rice presents a second green revolution, where certain countries will become the sole producers of major money making crop. It is believed that this would be the most dominating science in future that will play the most crucial role in the crop improvement and can satisfy the growing world hunger. Future prospects: We already have genetically modified crops for various interesting traits, which are developed so far generally involve only the addition of a single gene. Looking to the future, its unclear whether complex traits, which are thought to involve multiple genes, will be amenable to manipulation through genetic engineering (Jonathan Knight, 2003). All these techniques are costly and the research in public sectors is less due to lack of funds. There is the thrust of evolving the more precise, accelerating and cheaper molecular methods that can revolutionized the world agriculture. DNA chip technology and user friendly marker system are the evolving trends in future. For sustainable and self sufficient agriculture, we need carry out continuous efforts in positive direction. There should be the willingness to accept the research and research products globally, politically and socially as well. Then only we can expect second green revolution. Conclusion: We are at the stage of broad and rapid era of science development in all the fields. Time is ripe for the second green revolution which would not only concentrate on increased productivity but also on value added traits to reduce cost of production, pollution dangers and improved quality. Rapid development of plant biotechnology, particularly molecular genetics will serve as the basis for the second green revolution. To speed up the production process economically, to fulfill the aspirations of huge populace, to achieve diversification and adding value to the primary produce so as to make agriculture enterprise farmers as well as environmental friendly. Advanced technologies are expected to materialize many of our expectations in the 21st century. On the other hand, if we arrogantly enjoy the past but ignore the new challenges, or underestimates our capabilities and feel afraid of innovations like GM crops, it is possible that we miss the good opportunities, as said in this Chinese p roverb, Ninety miles is only the half way of a hundred-mile journey. Confucius once said: The passage of time is just like the flow of the river, which goes on day and night, forever. The past glories are the momentum for our new journey; the journey of science, journey of development, journey towards the state of self reliance, while the lessons from the past may teach us to be smarter. We need molecular genetics to make historic contributions to the rejuvenation of the plant breeding and thus the agriculture.

Discuss the different kinds of humour in the play. Is it effective Essa

Discuss the different kinds of humour in the play. Is it effective today? What is its purpose? Much ado about nothing is a comedy written by William Shakespeare. There are many kinds of humour in the play. The first kind of humour we come across is the skirmishes of wit between Beatrice and Benedick. Beatrice and Benedick are both sarcastic people and incidentally are sarcastic about each other. Sarcasm is a very good kind of humour, which is still effective to this day. Many people understand sarcasm and it's a good way of putting a point across. The main purpose of sarcasm is probably mockery. Sarcasm is usually used when you say something that you don't mean literally, the point of this particular sarcasm is to tell the audience that Beatrice and Benedick don't exactly see eye to eye and basically mock each other. Another kind of humour in the play we find as we go on is stupidity. This mainly is featured around Dogberry and Verges. Dogberry and Verges have a funny sort of relationship. Dogberry is the more intelligent of the two where as Verges is a little ...